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Additional Reading Resources

• William G. Hartley, "Mormons and Early Iowa History (1838-1858): Eight Distinct Connections," Annals of Iowa, Summer 2000, Vol. 59, 217-260.



• Edmund Ellsworth, A Brief Record of the First Handcart Company, Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine, October 1926-April 1927, Vol. 17-18.



• LeRoy R. and Ann W. Hafen, Handcarts to Zion: The Story of a Unique Western Migration, 1856-1860, Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1960.



• Frederick Hansen, The Great Handcart Train from Iowa City to Salt Lake City, Journal of History, October 1916, Vol. 9.